Bone Morphogenesis

Bone and cartilage tissues contain a variety of pleiotropic growth factors involved in the regulation of bone development and growth. These factors are involved in the complex regulation of bone formation through autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine transfer of information between cells and the cellular or extracellular matrix. Among many factors, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the only localized growth factors capable of inducing bone tissue formation alone and belong to the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily. Past studies have confirmed the ability of BMPs to induce ectopic differentiation of cartilage and bone in rodents. When bound to transmembrane receptors on mesenchymal stem cells, BMP induces differentiation into bone progenitor cells and the formation of new bone, which plays a role in fracture healing, osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), and osteoarthritis (OA)-related pathologies.

Figure 1. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptors mediate BMP signalling by activating Smad transcription factors. (Liu A, et al., 2005)

BMPs

• BMP-2

BMP-2 is one of the most widely studied BMPs with the strongest osteogenic activity. Experiments showed that low concentrations of BMPs could induce the migration of mesenchymal cells toward the bone tissue-forming region, and medium concentrations of BMPs could promote the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward cartilage-forming and osteoblasts; whereas high concentrations of BMPs could promote the proliferation of intramesenchymal cells. The results revealed that BMP-2 mainly plays a role in the recruitment and differentiation of undifferentiated MSCs and osteoblasts. Currently, human recombinant BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) has been expressed using recombinant gene technology and has successfully induced new bone in both normotopic and ectopic locations. However, because rhBMP-2 has a lower osteogenic activity than natural BMP-2 and a very ideal carrier has not yet been found, it has not yet been popularized for clinical use.

• BMP-4

BMP-4, as a member of the BMPs family, stimulates chondrocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix production, possessing an arthroprotective effect. In addition, BMP-4 is also closely related to the induction of embryonic differentiation, guidance of neural stem cell differentiation, regulation of tumor growth and invasion, as well as some cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Recent studies have found that BMP-4 can alter osteochondral junction homeostasis by inducing the expression of tissue remodeling programs in osteoblasts and hypertrophic chondrocytes in patients with OA and targeting genes related to osteoclastogenesis.

• BMP-7

BMP-7 is a potent anti-inflammatory growth factor that plays an important role in embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and skeletal morphogenesis. So far, rhBMP-7 has been used clinically to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells at the edge of the fracture site into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, which form new bone and stimulate fracture repair through calcium deposition.

We Provide Multiple Products but not Limited to

• Recombinant Human BMP2 protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human BMP4 protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human BMP7 protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human BMP2 protein, Fc-tag, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human BMP4 protein, Fc-tag, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human BMP5 protein, Fc-tag, GMP Grade

Reasons to Choose Us

• Huge product library. A wide variety of high-purity and high-activity GMP recombinant proteins are available for you to choose from, and we can provide personalized customization services to meet the needs of scientific research.
• High safety. We have a strict quality control system to ensure that all production processes and products meet GMP requirements.
• Fast delivery. We will process orders and requests promptly and ship the products quickly.

Creative BioMart serves as a top provider of GMP-grade recombinant proteins to advance the research community in the study of bone morphogenesis. If you are interested in our services or products, please contact us.