Kidney Disease

Glomerular disease is a prevalent kidney disorder characterized by mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial matrix widening. It serves as a significant cause of glomerulosclerosis, many cytokines are implicated in this pathological process through autocrine and paracrine pathways. Recent studies have demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), play crucial roles in glomerular diseases, particularly in the initiation, progression, and pathological changes of proliferative nephritis. In addition, TGF-β-mediated transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells (EMT) contributes significantly to renal fibrosis and is closely linked to chronic kidney disease.

Figure 1. A diagrammatic overview of IL-6 cytokine family members' relationship to various kidney diseases. (Magno A L, et al., 2019)

Kidney Disease & Cytokines

• IL-1

IL-1 is a multifunctional cytokine produced by various cells including glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) and tubular epithelial and fibroblasts. Previous studies have shown that the mRNA of IL-1 is increased 2- to 3-fold in the kidneys of glomerulonephritis compared with normal controls. It reveals that the inflammatory mediator IL-1 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Moreover, a large amount of IL-1 was associated with glomerular basement membrane thickening, interstitial fibrosis, and crescent formation.

• IL-6

IL-6 and GMC proliferation are important in the development of renal diseases. Researchers added different concentrations of recombinant IL-6 to cultured GMC and found a dose-dependent relationship between the degree of GMC proliferation and the concentration of recombinant IL-6. IL-6 promotes the proliferation of GMC and the increase of mesangial stroma, which provides important clues for the clinical investigation of the pathophysiology of nephritis.

• TNF-α

A variety of renal cells, including GMCs and tubular epithelial cells, produce TNF-α. TNF-α alone or in synergy with IL-1 increases the synthesis of prostaglandin E-a by GMCs, increases the release of platelet-derived growth factor, and induces the production of platelet-activating factor by GMCs. This results in altered renal hemodynamics and glomerular injury. TNF-α stimulates IL-1 production thereby inducing or exacerbating GMC proliferation and sclerosis.

We Provide Multiple Products but not Limited to

• Recombinant Human IL-1β protein, His-tag, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL-2 Protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL-6 protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL10 protein, His-tag, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human TNF protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human TGFB3 protein, GMP Grade

Reasons to Choose Us

• Rich choices. A wide variety of high purity and high activity GMP growth factors are available for you to choose from, and personalized customization services are available to meet special needs.
• GMP-grade. Our laboratory has a strict quality control system to ensure that all production processes and products meet GMP requirements.
• One-stop service platform. Cover a series of services from formulation, and standardized production to delivery, with quick feedback on customers' products.

Creative BioMart is a professional supplier of high-end GMP cytokines and customized services all over the world, which is dedicated to providing customers with high-quality products for kidney-related disease research. If you are interested in our products or customized services, please feel free to contact us.