Inflammation

Cytokines are a type of protein or peptide molecules that immune and non-immune cells synthesize and secrete. They regulate the immune system by acting on it. However, cytokine storm refers to the over-activation of inflammation, causing it to spiral out of control, disrupting homeostasis, and prompting a runaway inflammatory cascade. Simultaneously, intense stimuli produce inflammatory factors in body fluids swiftly and in significant amounts. This phenomenon is a significant contributor to inflammatory ailments, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a result, early identification of cytokine storms is critical in averting numerous inflammatory reactions in the body.

Figure 1. Cytokines in the pathogenesis of IBD. (Neurath M F, 2014)

Inflammation & Cytokines

• IBD

IBD is a specific chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract, which mainly includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IL-22 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose main function is to promote intestinal tissue repair and inhibit intestinal pathogens. In IBD, IL-22 is widely expressed in the small intestine induced by signaling from the microbiota. In addition, IL-22 promotes the expression of IBD susceptibility genes. Moreover, IL-1β is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by macrophages that acts synergistically with other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 to induce inflammation in IBD. IL-10-deficient mice were found to have increased IL-1β secretion prior to the onset of spontaneous colitis.

• Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease most commonly characterized by a red inflamed rash or erythema. Studies have identified IL-17 and IL-23 as the main causative factors. IL-17 activates keratinocytes and endothelial cells to produce various inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and AMP, while IL-23 directly activates macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines. At the same time, neutrophils or T-cells are recruited to the site of skin inflammation to promote the mechanism and further amplify the local inflammatory response to stimulate the cytokine storm in psoriasis.

• RA

RA is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by symmetrical, polyarthritis that can cause joint destruction and consequent disability. Numerous studies from animals and humans have shown that IL-17A is directly involved in the immune response associated with the pathogenesis of RA and that IL-17A not only promotes the production of joint inflammation but also leads to the destruction of bone and cartilage. In addition to this, IL-17A acts on a variety of cells, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, etc. to participate in the acute inflammatory response.

We Provide Multiple Products but not Limited to

• Recombinant Human IL1α protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL-1β protein, His-tag, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL6 protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL10 protein, His-tag, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human IL22 protein, GMP Grade
• Recombinant Human TNF protein, GMP Grade

Reasons to Choose Us

• High safety. The rigorous quality control system guarantees that all production processes comply with GMP regulations, and quality testing of each batch additionally guarantees the product's safety.
• Rich choices. We can meet customer needs with a range of high-quality GMP cytokines and personalized GMP protein customization services.
• Professional team. We offer professional technical support, and our technical team provides comprehensive after-sales service to promptly assist customers with any issues they may have.

Creative BioMart is dedicated to supplying GMP cytokines and customized services of the highest quality to aid inflammation-related disease research. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you are interested in our products or customized services.